Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.

The kidneys play a critical role in filtering metabolic waste, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and pH in our bodies. However, the onset of chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and gout, or the improper use of medication, can lead to CKD. The progression of CKD is slow, often leaving the kidneys in a compromised state for extended periods, which can lead to renal fibrosis—a condition where the kidneys become scarred—and gradually result in a decline in kidney function. Eventually, this may advance to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), at which point most patients require dialysis or a kidney transplant.

A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing renal fibrosis, involves the use of engineered extracellular vesicles. These vesicles encapsulate a protein known as CHIP (Carboxyl terminus of Hsp70 Interacting Protein), which plays a crucial role in protein management within cells.

In groundbreaking research highlighted in npj Regenerative Medicine, scientists conducted a study where CHIP-encapsulated extracellular vesicles were administered intravenously to rats that had undergone unilateral ureteral obstruction surgery to induce CKD. This surgery blocks one of the tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, simulating kidney conditions in humans.

After 14 days of treatment, the rats showed a significant reduction in kidney fibrosis. This result points to a potential non-invasive treatment option that could substantially alter the management of CKD and its progression to more severe stages. This innovative approach not only offers new hope for patients with chronic kidney conditions but also exemplifies the power of advanced biotechnological interventions in regenerative medicine.

Post-UUO Surgery Impact on Renal Fibrosis Treated with Exosomes

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Emerging Exosome Treatment Shines Hope on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

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Hearing loss is a prevalent and often underestimated global health issue affecting people of all ages. According to the World Health Organization’s “World Report on Hearing,” as of 2021, about one-fifth of the global population suffers from hearing impairment, a figure projected to rise to one-quarter by 2050.

Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by nerves. Damage to these cochlear hair cells and nerves can lead to permanent hearing impairment.

The cochlea contains a structure similar to the blood-brain barrier, known as the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB), which prevents many large molecular drugs from treating the hair cells and cochlear nerves. However, advancements in nanotechnology within biomedical research have identified a type of nanoparticle—exosomes—that can potentially cross this barrier to treat hair cells and nerves.

The focus of this recent study is on exosomes wrapped with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which are used to aid in the repair of cochlear hair cells and nerves:

Researchers first isolated exosomes and encapsulated them with BDNF (referred to as BDNF-sEV). They then conducted animal experiments where mice were given BDNF-sEV through intravenous injections. The mice were subsequently exposed to a noisy environment to induce hearing loss, followed by another injection of BDNF-sEV.

After 14 days, the condition of the cochlear hair cells and nerves in the mice was assessed. The results showed that the mice’s hair cells and nerves were severely damaged after noise exposure. However, post-treatment with BDNF-sEV, the cochlear hair cells and nerves showed significant repair.

This study demonstrates the potential of exosomes in preventing and repairing hearing damage. Recent research also indicates that exosomes have performed well in nerve repair, suggesting that they could provide new hope for future clinical applications.

Under noise exposure, the condition of exosomes in preventing and repairing damaged hair cells. (Edit by AM Biotech study team)

Under noise exposure, the condition of exosomes in preventing and repairing damage to cochlear nerves. (Edit by AM Biotech study team)

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Emerging Exosome Treatment Shines Hope on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

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This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

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Osteoporosis, often dubbed the “silent thief,” stealthily compromises bone strength without noticeable symptoms, leaving many individuals unaware of their condition. This disease predominantly affects high-risk groups such as postmenopausal women, leading to postmenopausal osteoporosis, and the elderly, who face senile osteoporosis due to chronic bone loss.

Under normal conditions, skeletal muscles release humoral factors that regulate bone metabolism, ensuring a balance in bone density. This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors.

The research team embarked on isolating these humoral factors to extract the contained exosomes, known as Myo-EVs. In a series of animal experiments, diabetic mice were treated with Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce a state of bone imbalance and hinder bone repair. The mice’s femurs were then precisely drilled with a 0.8 mm hole to observe the healing process.

Remarkably, just 9 days post-treatment, mice administered with Myo-EVs exhibited significant bone cell regeneration. Gene analysis further revealed an increase in bone-forming genes within the bone cells of these Myo-EV-treated mice. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Mouse Femur Defect Repair Test

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Emerging Exosome Treatment Shines Hope on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis

2024-05-24

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

New Hope for Patients with Hearing Loss: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Show Potential for Repairing Cochlear Cells and Nerves

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Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by

A Breakthrough in Osteoporosis Treatment! Harnessing Exosomes from Skeletal Muscles for Bone Healing

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This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Stem Cell Exosomes with Specific miRNAs: A New Frontier in Treating Male Pattern Baldness

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As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there's growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss

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Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

Anti-Aging Study: Exosomes Regulate Aging Skeletal Muscle

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Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of

Can Exosomes Also Treat Dry Eye Syndrome?!

2023-12-19

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation.

Male pattern baldness, a widespread hair condition, affects millions globally. Its primary cause is linked to the increased scalp levels of a male hormone known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT’s interaction with hair follicle receptors leads to the thinning and eventual loss of hair.

Current treatments mainly involve topical Minoxidil applications and oral Finasteride doses. Despite their popularity, these solutions don’t guarantee success and have been associated with side effects in some cases.

The prevailing theory suggests that DHT triggers hair loss by activating a specific signaling pathway called “TGF-β1/SMAD3” in the body. This pathway is intricately connected to a series of biochemical reactions leading to “cell apoptosis” or cell death.

Recent research highlights a groundbreaking discovery: the microRNA “miR-122-5p” within stem cell exosomes. This particular microRNA can neutralize the excessive activation of TGF-β1/SMAD3 caused by DHT, offering a protective shield for hair follicle cells against apoptosis.

Animal studies underscore the potential of stem cell exosomes enriched with miR-122-5p in combating male pattern baldness, paving the way for optimistic future clinical applications.

As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there’s growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss therapy.

Observing Hair Regrowth in Mice Post-Depilation

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

New Hope for Patients with Hearing Loss: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Show Potential for Repairing Cochlear Cells and Nerves

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Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by

A Breakthrough in Osteoporosis Treatment! Harnessing Exosomes from Skeletal Muscles for Bone Healing

2024-03-27

This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Stem Cell Exosomes with Specific miRNAs: A New Frontier in Treating Male Pattern Baldness

2024-03-13

As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there's growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss

Exosomes Aid in Repairing Skin Aging Caused by UV Radiation

2024-02-02

Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

Anti-Aging Study: Exosomes Regulate Aging Skeletal Muscle

2024-01-05

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of

Can Exosomes Also Treat Dry Eye Syndrome?!

2023-12-19

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation.

Skin aging is characterized by roughness, laxity, dullness, as well as the appearance of spots and wrinkles. The primary cause of skin aging is prolonged exposure to excessive ultraviolet (UV) rays. Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

This piece shares insights into whether exosomes can help repair skin aging caused by UV radiation.

The research team first extracted and purified exosomes (referred to as BJ-5ta Exo). They then conducted animal experiments, irradiating the backs of mice with UV rays (every two weeks for eight weeks) and injecting 100 µl of exosomes (BJ-5ta Exo) under the skin of the mice each week of irradiation.

Observing the skin condition of the mice after eight weeks, the results showed that the epidermis of the UV-irradiated mice significantly thickened, with an increase in wrinkles and rougher skin. However, after injecting the exosomes (BJ-5ta Exo), the thickness of the mice’s epidermis gradually decreased, wrinkles significantly reduced, and the skin became smoother.

The appearance of hairless mice skin after UV irradiation (Illustration by: AM BioTech Team)

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Emerging Exosome Treatment Shines Hope on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

New Hope for Patients with Hearing Loss: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Show Potential for Repairing Cochlear Cells and Nerves

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Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by

A Breakthrough in Osteoporosis Treatment! Harnessing Exosomes from Skeletal Muscles for Bone Healing

2024-03-27

This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Stem Cell Exosomes with Specific miRNAs: A New Frontier in Treating Male Pattern Baldness

2024-03-13

As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there's growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss

Exosomes Aid in Repairing Skin Aging Caused by UV Radiation

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Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

Anti-Aging Study: Exosomes Regulate Aging Skeletal Muscle

2024-01-05

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of

Can Exosomes Also Treat Dry Eye Syndrome?!

2023-12-19

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation.

Have you heard about the concept of “replacing blood to delay aging,” or do you find it overly fantastical, more trouble than it’s worth?

Previous studies have found that circulating factors in young blood can rejuvenate aging tissue stem cells. However, more and more research indicates that most circulating secretions are encapsulated within nanosized extracellular vesicles. So, what exactly are these extracellular vesicles? Do they really work? And how?

A research team from the University of Pittsburgh has further assessed the regenerative effects of circulating extracellular vesicles in young serum on aging muscle stem cells and skeletal muscle, with their detailed conclusions published in the journal “Nature Aging.”

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of extracellular vesicles on activating internal metabolic mechanisms.

In young serum with extracellular vesicles, the expression levels of MyoD and myogenin, key regulators of muscle generation, increased, and Pax7 levels decreased, aiding in muscle lineage expansion. However, the data showed that the effects of young serum on cell proliferation, myogenicity, and bioenergetics were lost without circulating extracellular vesicles.

From in vivo experimental data, researchers speculate that circulating extracellular vesicles may be recruited to injury sites to participate in the regeneration of skeletal muscle. These vesicles separate from cells through budding or exocytosis, carrying information (including proteins, genetic material, etc.) that reflects the health status of the source cells. This information is ultimately received and translated by receptor cells, thereby producing
physiological effects.

This study helps to understand the mechanisms of muscle aging to a certain extent and has discovered the potential of extracellular vesicles to reverse muscle aging. Although there is still a long way to go before they can be truly used as a treatment option, let’s look forward to the immeasurable contributions of extracellular vesicles to future anti-aging research.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

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Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by

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This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Stem Cell Exosomes with Specific miRNAs: A New Frontier in Treating Male Pattern Baldness

2024-03-13

As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there's growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss

Exosomes Aid in Repairing Skin Aging Caused by UV Radiation

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Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

Anti-Aging Study: Exosomes Regulate Aging Skeletal Muscle

2024-01-05

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of

Can Exosomes Also Treat Dry Eye Syndrome?!

2023-12-19

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation.

Stem cell exosomes have the potential to be used in medical aesthetics to aid in skin repair and regeneration, but did you know that exosomes might also be applied in eye treatments?

A recent study published in Science Advances in 2022 discovered that exosomes can alleviate the side effects of dry eye syndrome caused by GVHD (Graft Versus Host Disease), one of the main complications after transplantation. Mild GVHD can affect the quality of life of patients, while severe GVHD can threaten long-term survival.

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation. This leads to a disorder in the ocular immune microenvironment, ultimately resulting in cell apoptosis and worsening eye tissue damage. The effectiveness of current clinical drugs in treatment is limited, and some patients with severe conditions face a lack of effective treatment options.

In a prospective clinical trial, mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-exo) used as eye drops inhibited inflammation and improved epithelial recovery, showing significant therapeutic effects in both mice and humans. Symptoms of dry eye, including stinging, burning, and redness, were alleviated after treatment, with effects surpassing those of artificial tears. For corneas damaged by inflammation, exosome treatment protected corneal structure through mechanisms such as preventing corneal epithelial degeneration, reducing pro-inflammatory gene expression, and converting M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages into M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages.

This research data further supports the potential of exosomes as a component in the treatment of eye diseases, promising to become the next target for drug development.

For more articlesread more

Emerging Exosome Treatment Shines Hope on Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis

2024-05-24

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a significant health concern worldwide. According to a recent report in The Lancet Regional Health, as of 2022, between 9.1% and 13.4% of the global population suffers from CKD.A promising avenue for treating CKD, particularly in reducing

New Hope for Patients with Hearing Loss: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Show Potential for Repairing Cochlear Cells and Nerves

2024-04-24

Risk factors for hearing loss include ear infections, prolonged exposure to high-frequency noise, and unhealthy lifestyle habits, which can cause irreversible damage. In daily life, sounds enter the cochlea as vibrations, where they are transformed into auditory signals by hair cells and then transmitted by

A Breakthrough in Osteoporosis Treatment! Harnessing Exosomes from Skeletal Muscles for Bone Healing

2024-03-27

This groundbreaking study shines a light on the exosomes present in these muscle-secreted humoral factors. This compelling evidence underscores the potential of Myo-EVs in facilitating bone repair and restoring bone health, marking a significant stride in osteoporosis treatment.

Stem Cell Exosomes with Specific miRNAs: A New Frontier in Treating Male Pattern Baldness

2024-03-13

As the exploration of exosomes in clinical settings progresses, there's growing anticipation for their integration with existing treatments like Minoxidil and Finasteride. This innovative approach could herald a more comprehensive and effective solution for tackling male pattern baldness, promising a new era of hair loss

Exosomes Aid in Repairing Skin Aging Caused by UV Radiation

2024-02-02

Overexposure to UV rays stimulates the production of free radicals, leading to wrinkles, spots, and dullness. Therefore, it is essential to use sunscreen and engage in proper skincare to prevent and repair the signs of skin aging.

Anti-Aging Study: Exosomes Regulate Aging Skeletal Muscle

2024-01-05

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an important medium for intercellular communication, with nearly all cells secreting these vesicles. The research team compared aging muscle stem cells cultured with young serum to those with young serum depleted of extracellular vesicles, observing the impact of

Can Exosomes Also Treat Dry Eye Syndrome?!

2023-12-19

Biologically and medically speaking, immune cells activated after transplantation continuously attack hematopoietic tissues and ocular epithelial tissues, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands, causing widespread inflammation.